This article was written by Evelyn Huntjens.  It originally appeared in the edition of DABC’s Transition magazine, Canada Disability Benefit: What protection does it actually offer? (Fall/Winter 2024).

Read the full edition in PDF format here and in text-only format here.

If you’re interested in contributing to Transition as an individual or an organization, please email transition@dabc.ca.

The upcoming Canada Disability Benefit (CDB) has brought both hope and concern for individuals and their families who may qualify. Indigenous people, especially those with disabilities, routinely find many barriers in accessing the supports they need. The CDB could help solve some of these issues, but only if it recognizes and addresses the complex problems Indigenous people face.

Barriers in the DTC

One of the biggest barriers Indigenous people and communities face is the Disability Tax Credit (DTC) for which people must qualify to access the CDB. The DTC can be very inaccessible, due to confusing and challenging barriers that keep eligible people from accessing it.

In many Indigenous communities, and in rural and northern areas, there can be delays in accessing medical appointments. If you don’t have a doctor, getting the DTC becomes almost impossible which delays or blocks access to this benefit, and therefore the CDB.

Because many Indigenous people with disability live in poverty, tax credits like the DTC don’t help. The DTC offers a reduction in income taxes, but not a refund. It is only valuable because of its link to other benefits such as the Registered Disability Savings Plan. But, the potential financial benefits of the RDSP are years away, as it can only be accessed without penalty after age 60.

All of these factors make applying for the DTC either too difficult or a low priority. This is even though 55% of people with severe and very severe disabilities are potentially eligible for the DTC. Given the trends in statistics, the percentage of Indigenous peoples who are not accessing the DTC is likely higher. Additional resources are needed to support access to the DTC and therefore to the CDB.

On top of these issues, approval for the DTC doesn’t guarantee re-approval. Even if you have a lifelong condition, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) requires you to reapply every 3-5 years. This is a huge barrier, especially for those with “invisible disabilities” that are harder to “prove,” but significantly impact daily life.

Ableism and racism in our healthcare system is rampant for Indigenous people with these disabilities. People have been intimidated and shamed, and told they don’t qualify. It is not the healthcare practitioner’s role to approve the DTC, but they are often the gatekeepers to access.

Gaps in the CDB Regulations

The CDB has the potential to offer direct financial support to people with disabilities, but there are many gaps in the rules that need to be fixed. There’s a risk that, without specific steps to include Indigenous communities, the CDB could create the same barriers as the DTC.

The CDB needs to take into account that Indigenous people living with disability in rural or remote communities often require direct supports to access benefits. The application process for the CDB should be simple, so people who don’t have reliable healthcare can still navigate the application process and be approved. And, people who receive disability income assistance should have an automatic approval process for the CDB.

Another hurdle is the doctor’s fee for completing the DTC. An individual or family living on disability income assistance cannot be out of pocket as much as $250 in a month and still put food on the table. Many Indigenous communities’ programs and services do not provide resources to cover this application cost or travel to have the form completed. This will perpetuate poverty for those who live with disability, whether they qualify or not.

It seems contradictory to make commitments to inclusive communities and full participation for all citizens and then create a new program with processes that have substantial barriers.

Without addressing these issues, Indigenous people with disabilities could be left out again.

Empowering Indigenous People with Disabilities

One important step in developing a truly inclusive process is to ensure Indigenous people are involved in making decisions about accessing the CDB in their communities. Community-based navigation programs should also be available to support Indigenous people with disabilities.

Allyship with Indigenous people with disabilities should go beyond government policies.

There should be public campaigns to raise awareness about the unique challenges faced by Indigenous people with disabilities. And, Indigenous people with disability should also have leadership roles to build stronger networks of support.

The Canada Disability Benefit has the potential to provide much-needed support, but it’s crucial that the federal government addresses the current gaps. Then, the CDB can become a tool that truly empowers and supports Indigenous people with disabilities.

Learn more at BC Aboriginal Network on Disability Society and DAWN Canada.

Evelyn Huntjens joins DAWN Canada as the Director of Indigenous Initiatives to lead the organization in amplifying the voices of Indigenous women, girls and gender-diverse people living with disabilities. Evelyn resides on Vancouver Island, BC within the ancestral territory of the Quw’utsun People and is a member of the Xeni Gwet’in First Nation.

This article was written by Michael J. Prince.  It originally appeared in the edition of DABC’s Transition magazine, Canada Disability Benefit: What protection does it actually offer? (Fall/Winter 2024).

Read the full edition in PDF format here and in text-only format here.

If you’re interested in contributing to Transition as an individual or an organization, please email transition@dabc.ca.

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A few days after the April 2024 federal government budget outlined key details about the Canada Disability Benefit (CDB), I contacted the Honourable Kamal Khera, Minister of Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities, and gave formal notice of my resignation from the Minister’s Disability Advisory Group effective immediately.

The Trudeau government’s decisions around the Canada Disability Benefit announced in the federal budget triggered my resignation.

The budget fails to heed the long-declared recommendations by national disability organizations and other groups for a properly-funded benefit, one that recognizes the additional costs of living for people with disabilities.

The benefit, although depicted as a key pillar in the government’s plan to provide direct support to those who need it most, does not adequately address the serious needs of more than one million adults living with disabilities across the country, many of whom live in poverty.

I initially thought the benefit amount of $200 was a misprint. The benefit is too low and too few people in need are covered. It is complicated to access, lacks collaboration, and waits too long to meaningfully reduce poverty.

In 2020, the federal government described the CDB as modeled after the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) for low-income seniors aged sixty-five and older.

In 2024, the maximum benefit amount of the GIS is $12,785 annually. For the CDB, the proposed maximum benefit amount is $2,400 per year for low-income people with disabilities between the ages of 18 and 64. The proposed maximum annual payment for the CDB equates to about two months of the support for low-income seniors.

A Retreat from Real Poverty Reduction

The government estimates that more than 600,000 low-income people with disabilities may qualify for the CDB. However, Employment and Social Development Canada later revealed the CDB might, at most, lift only 25,000 recipients out of financial poverty.

These numbers for coverage and poverty reduction fall well short of the estimated 1.2 million people with disabilities across Canada living in poverty. In contrast to previous statements about the intended effects of the CDB, it simply may not bring significant poverty-reduction effects.

So Much for “Nothing About Us, Without Us”

The budget included a statement that, in the spirit of “nothing about us without us”, the government would provide meaningful opportunities for people living with disability to collaborate.

However, not on everything. Whatever the eventual design of the program, the budget adds the fundamental constraint that “the design will need to fit the investment proposed in Budget 2024.”

This fiscal condition, set down by the Minister of Finance, means that the issues of benefit adequacy, effectiveness as a poverty-reduction policy and the coverage of the program are not truly up for discussion.

In the words of this budget, the federal government “aspires to see” that, one day, the combined amount of federal and provincial or territorial income supports for people with disabilities grow to the level of Old Age Security and the GIS to tackle disability poverty.

Significant Investments are Required

The history of social policy in Canada teaches us that major reform in income support often comes from federal leadership in investments and program reform. It has long been apparent that not all provinces and none of the territories have the financial capacity to tackle disability poverty in a fundamental and sustainable way.

Out of sync with public opinion and community needs, this budget announcement fails to take strong federal responsibility for income security for working-age adults with disabilities who are working hard to join the middle class.

I concluded my voice was no longer making a difference on this advisory group and that by remaining, people would assume I supported this benefit design. So I resigned.

However, I continue to work with self-advocates and community allies in other ways and places.

Michael J. Prince is Lansdowne Professor of Social Policy at the University of Victoria. From 2018 to 2024, he was Board Chair of Community Living BC. He was also a member of the federal Ministerial Disability Advisory Group from April 2020 to April 2024.

Starting in July 2025, individuals who are low-income will be able to apply for the Canada Disability Benefit (CDB). This new monthly benefit will be up-to $200 and is intended as financial relief for people with disabilities living in poverty. The CDB will be an additional amount of money that will not be clawed back from current provincial disability assistance. We know that $200/month is far from being enough to lift people with disabilities out of poverty. More information on DABC’s thoughts on the proposed regulations can be found in our position statement on the 2024 Federal Budget and in-depth review of the CDB.  

The proposed eligibility requirements for the benefit are: 

1. Be a resident of Canada for tax purposes 
2. Have an active Disability Tax Credit (DTC) with the CRA
3. Be up-to-date with filing your taxes 

Once you meet these requirements, you will then have to submit a separate application for the CDB.  

This means having the DTC will become even more crucial for people with disabilities who are trying to access other government benefits.  

Barriers to the DTC 

One of the greatest barriers preventing people from accessing the DTC is the lack of awareness and understanding around it. Many people do not know that it even exists, or if they do, they do not realize they can qualify for it.  

Another major barrier is the application process itself. The 16-page application, called Form T2201, can be overwhelming and discouraging to people wanting to apply. The form requires medical certification which can be very difficult for Canadians who do not currently have a family doctor and are struggling to find one. A lack of awareness and understanding also extends to the medical practitioners that need to sign off on the forms. Medical practitioners might not be entirely aware of the daily restrictions their patients deal with, and therefore may not know how to fill out the forms accurately.  

There are also the financial barriers to accessing the DTC. Currently, the medical practitioner fees to fill out the forms are unregulated. People who are already financially struggling might be forced to pay hundreds of dollars out of pocket to have the forms certified by doctors who want to be compensated for their time spent on the lengthy forms.  

CDB Budget to Cover DTC Medical Practitioner Fees  

It was announced in this year’s federal budget that there will be funding intended to provide coverage for these costs, but the government has not announced when it will be made available, and how much of the costs will be covered.   

DABC has launched a DTC Medical Fees Fund for individuals who need funding as soon as possible. You can find out more in our official announcement post here. 

Apply for/Renew the DTC 

Applying for and renewing your Disability Tax Credit can take time. It requires both Part A and Part B of the Form T2201 to be submitted to the CRA. Once both parts are submitted, it can take the CRA months to review and approve the application. With more and more people becoming aware of and applying for the DTC, CRA wait times may become even longer. For individuals who want to be able to apply for the new Canada Disability Benefit as soon as it is available next year, we encourage you to apply for the Disability Tax Credit as soon as possible. 

DABC has many resources available for those looking to apply, including a re-launch of our “My DTC” online app. You can find out more here.  

We also have a useful DTC Helpsheet where you can find out more benefits to getting approved for the DTC. 

We have advocates who can provide 1-on-1 support to clients with filling out the application. Please be advised that we are anticipating more individuals seeking advocate support in the upcoming months with the benefit announcement. We encourage you to reach out for their assistance as soon as possible to access the benefit when it becomes available next year. 

Please reach out through phone at (604)-923-8136 or email us at rdsp@dabc.ca. 

The Canada Disability Benefit as proposed is not adequate, but it will be an important benefit for people with disabilities moving forward. There is more work to be done. Read more about the Canada Disability Benefit from experts, community members, and advocate in our upcoming issue of Transition Magazine.